Toxic Holocaust are a thrash band from Portland, Oregon, signed to Relapse Records. Influenced by punk rock and heavy metal bands of the 1980s such as Sex Pistols, Ramones, Dead Kennedys, Black Flag, Discharge, Black Sabbath, Iron Maiden, Judas Priest, Motörhead, Nuclear Assault, Exodus, Slayer, Metallica, Megadeth, Destruction, Kreator, Sodom, Sepultura, Bathory, Mercyful Fate, Celtic Frost, Mayhem, Venom, Possessed and Death. Joel Grind founded Toxic Holocaust in 1999. He originally wrote and recorded all of the band's music himself, and after a couple demo releases (Radiation Sickness, 1999; Critical Mass, 2002), he made his official full-length album debut as Toxic Holocaust with Evil Never Dies (2003). Two years later, after some touring with a hired backing band, Grind released the second Toxic Holocaust album, Hell on Earth (2005), which once again he wrote and recorded by himself. (When playing live, Joel Grind hires members of other bands to perform with him on stage.) The album notably features cover art by Ed Repka, known for having created iconic covers for classic metal albums by Megadeth, Death, and others. Extensive touring followed, along with a recording contract with Relapse Records. In addition to releasing the third Toxic Holocaust album, An Overdose of Death... (2008), Relapse reissued Evil Never Dies and Hell on Earth.